Line Following Robot
An automated guided robot that traces complex floor tracks using an array of infrared reflectance sensors and PID-style correction.
About the Project
Engineered to demonstrate automated guided vehicle (AGV) concepts used in smart warehouses. It uses an infrared reflectance sensor bar to detect high-contrast tracks on the floor. An embedded control loop constantly adjusts left and right motor velocities to maintain smooth, high-speed tracking through sharp corners and intersections.
Key Engineering Features
Multi-channel infrared reflectance sensor array
Fast differential motor steering for sharp 90-degree bend tracking
Calibrated black-on-white and white-on-black surface detection
Smooth curve following with minimal oscillation
Hardware & Microcontrollers
Key physical modules, sensors, and IC components integrated:
- TCRT5000 IR Sensor Array
- Arduino Nano
- Micro Metal Gear Motors
- Motor Shield
- Lightweight LiPo Battery
Software & Protocols
Firmware libraries, communication protocols, and control stacks:
- C++
- Line Position Estimation & Motor Differential Control
Project Gallery & Prototype Views
Snapshots, schematics, and functional bench tests for Line Following Robot.
Infrared Sensor Underside Array
Bottom-mounted IR emitters and phototransistors reading track reflectivity.